英语的 16 个时态

时态(tense)是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式,在英语中有 16 种时态。所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段,有完成状态、进行状态、完成进行状态或一般状态四种。由时和态结合,便形成下列 16 种时态:

  1. 一般现在时(动词原形或三单)
    一般现在时

    We always use Xinjiang Cotton.
    我们一直使用新疆棉。
  2. 一般过去时(动词过去式)
    一般过去时

    We used Xinjiang cotton yesterday.
    昨天我们使用了新疆棉。
  3. 一般将来时(will+动词原形)
    一般将来时

    We will always use Xinjiang cotton.
    我们将一直使用新疆棉。
  4. 现在进行时(be+动词ing)
    现在进行时

    Farmers are working in the cotton fields now.
    农民们正在棉花地里犁地。
  5. 过去进行时(be过去式+动词ing)
    过去进行时

    Farmers were working in the cotton fields when the groundless accusation was reported.
    汗滴棉下土,锅从天上来。
  6. 将来进行时(will be+动词ing)
    将来进行时

    We will still be working in the cotton fields even if they don't apologize for what they have done.
    就算他们不道歉,我们也将一直坚持在棉花田上工作。
  7. 现在完成时(have done)
    现在完成时

    We have supported Xinjiang cotton for one week.
    我们已经支持新疆棉一周了。
  8. 过去完成时(had done)
    过去完成时

    We had supported Xinjiang cotton before they released that statement.
    在他们公布那则声明前我们就已经支持新疆棉了。
  9. 将来完成时(will have done)
    将来完成时

    They will have released a new statement on this issue by tomorrow.
    他们将在明天之前就此问题公布一则新声明。
  10. 现在完成进行时(have been doing)
    现在完成进行时

    We have been using Xinjiang cotton lately.
    我们最近一直在使用新疆棉。
  11. 过去完成进行时(had been doing)
    过去完成进行时

    We had been waiting for their apology, but then we found it urgent to call for a boycott.
    我们当时等待他们道歉,但是后来我们发现呼吁抵制很迫切。
  12. 将来完成进行时(will have been doing)
    将来完成进行时

    Tomorrow we will have been using Xinjiang cotton for ten years.
    明天将是我们使用新疆棉的第十周年纪念。
  13. 一般过去将来时(would+动词原形)
    一般过去将来时

    They said they would use Xinjiang cotton.
    他们说了他们将会使用新疆棉。
  14. 过去将来进行时(would be doing)
    过去将来进行时

    They said they would be working in the cotton fields tomorrow morning.
    他们说了他们明早讲一直坚守在棉花田上工作。
  15. 过去将来完成时(would have done)
    过去将来完成时

    They said they would have released a new statement on this issue by tomorrow.
    他们说了他们将在明天之前就此问题公布一则新声明。
  16. 过去将来完成进行时(would have been doing)
    过去将来完成进行时

    They said tomorrow they would have been using Xinjiang cotton for ten years.
    他们说了明天将是他们使用新疆棉的第十周年。